Which modern technology is crucial in studying cosmic microwave background radiation?

Studying cosmic microwave background radiation is primarily associated with satellites because they provide an unobstructed view of the universe, free from the distortions caused by Earth's atmosphere. Cosmic microwave background radiation is a faint afterglow from the Big Bang and is best observed from space. Satellites can orbit the Earth, allowing them to avoid atmospheric interference and capture high-resolution images and data of this radiation across different wavelengths.

These measurements are critical for cosmology, as they help scientists understand the early universe, its structure, expansion, and the distribution of galaxies. The data collected by satellites can reveal important details about the universe's age, composition, and evolution, making this technology essential for this specific type of astronomical study.