What type of transformer decreases the voltage in an electrical circuit?

A step-down transformer is designed specifically to decrease the voltage in an electrical circuit while increasing the current. This type of transformer accomplishes this by having more turns of wire on the primary coil compared to the secondary coil. When alternating current (AC) is applied to the primary coil, it creates a magnetic field that induces a voltage in the secondary coil. Because there are fewer turns in the secondary coil, the induced voltage is lower than the input voltage.

In practical applications, step-down transformers are commonly used in various power distribution systems to ensure that voltage levels are appropriate for end users, such as residential and commercial buildings. This ensures safety and compatibility with household appliances and industrial equipment, which often operate at lower voltages.

Understanding how transformers operate is essential in electrical engineering, as it allows for efficient transmission and usage of electrical energy over varying distances and applications.