What term describes a force that pushes on or squeezes a material?

The correct term that describes a force that pushes on or squeezes a material is compression. Compression occurs when an external force is applied to an object, causing it to decrease in volume. This phenomenon is significant in various physical contexts, such as understanding how materials behave under different types of mechanical stress. In structures, for example, compression can lead to changes in shape and integrity, which is crucial when designing buildings and bridges to withstand forces acting upon them. Understanding compression helps in analyzing how materials can be used effectively in engineering and construction.