What physical property is described by the maximum displacement of a wave from its rest position?

The maximum displacement of a wave from its rest position is referred to as amplitude. In wave physics, amplitude quantifies how far the wave oscillates from its equilibrium position, which is fundamental for understanding the energy carried by the wave. A larger amplitude means that the wave carries more energy, making it more intense or loud in the case of sound waves. Amplitude is a critical parameter in various applications, such as in sound engineering and telecommunications, as it directly affects how signals are perceived.