What is the purpose of the earth wire in an electrical appliance?

The purpose of the earth wire in an electrical appliance is to provide a safe route for electric current to flow to the ground in the event of a malfunction, such as a short circuit or insulation failure. This grounding is crucial because it helps prevent electrical shocks and reduces the risk of fire hazards. In situations where a fault occurs, the earth wire directs excess current away from the appliance and into the ground, thereby protecting users and the appliance itself.

Furthermore, the earth wire is not intended to carry current during normal operation, which distinguishes its function from other types of wiring. It does not increase current for performance or serve as a backup power source. Its sole purpose is safety, ensuring that any leaking or excess current does not pose a danger to individuals or property.